<<<<<<<<< Abbreviation >>&g

Subject: <<<<<<<<< Abbreviation >>&g Thu May 31, 2007 12:58 pm

ACF - ADMISSIONS CONFIRM message - A RAS message that the Gatekeeper sends to the calling point, accepting the ARQ.

Active Server Pages (ASP) - A programming language that extends standard HTML-based web sites to include database content management.

Adaptive - Adaptive training programs adapt themselves to the skill level or preferences of the learner.

ADDIE Model
- Classic model of an instructional system design process that includes
the steps Analysis, Design, Development, Implementation, and Evaluation
from which the acronym is taken.

Address Resolution - A mechanism for identifying the address of a called endpoint in terms of the network, such as an IP address.

Address Translation
- The ability of a Gatekeeper to translate an alias address, such as a
name or e-mail address, to a transport address. One method of
translation uses a Translation Table, which is updated by the
Registration messages on the RAS channel.

ADSL -
Asymmetric Digital Subscriber Line: Modems attached to twisted pair
copper wiring that transmit from 1.5 Mbps to 9 Mbps downstream (to the
subscriber) and from 16 kbps to 800 kbps upstream, depending on line
distance.

Adult Learning Theory-
Principles and practices of providing instruction to the adult learner.
Primarily concerned with an adult's well-defined learning goals, wealth
of experience and ability/desire to direct his or her own learning. See
Andragogy.

AI - See Artificial Intelligence.

AICC -
Acronym for Aviation Industry CBT Committee. An emerging set of
standards The AICC sets guidelines in the development, delivery, and
evaluation of e-learning programs. These guidelines are developed
specifically for the aviation industry, but are being widely adopted in
a variety of other industries.

Algorithm - Specifications that define a specific method for transmitting video, audio, and/or data.

Alias - An
alternative identification string for an IP address. An alias can be a
name, a URL address, an e-mail address, a transport address in the form
of "IP address port number", or a Party Number.

Alpha Version
- An alpha version of a program is also known as a "pilot" version,
which can be tested for overall usability and training effectiveness.

Alternate Gatekeeper
- Support for an Alternate Gatekeeper enables you to make Gatekeeper
failures transparent to the endpoints that are registered to the
Gatekeeper. In RADVISION implementations, a backup Gatekeeper (the
"Secondary" Gatekeeper) runs in parallel to each online Gatekeeper (the
"Primary" Gatekeeper).

Analog -
Information represented by a continuous electromagnetic wave encoded so
that its power varies continuously with the power of a signal received
from a sound or light source.

Analysis -
The first step in the classic A-D-D-I-E model of Instructional System
Design. In the analysis phase the audience is defined and performance
improvement needs are identified.

Andragogy
- The opposite of pedagogy. A European term introduced into the English
vocabulary by Malcom Knowles, it is the art and science of helping
adults learn. A prime contributor to most theories of adult learning,
andragogy as set out by Knowles emphasizes an adults' capabilities to
direct and motivate themselves, utilize past knowledge to assist
learning and evaluate the contents of training for relevance and
quality.

ANI -
Automatic Number Identification. The automatic identification of a
calling station, usually for automatic message accounting. Also used in
pay-per-view automated telephone order entry to identify a customer for
billing and program authorization purposes.

Animation
- The rapid sequential presentation of slightly differing graphics to
create the illusion of motion. Animation can have greater purpose in
illustrating a process than a static visual, but it requires more
information to be processed by the computer and thus higher bandwidth.
Compare to audio, video, text, and graphic.

ANS - Automatic Noise Suppression. Reduces background noise from audio signal.

ANSI - American National Standards Institute.

Applet - A small program, that runs on the Internet or an Intranet, written in the programming language known as Java.

Application - Any stand alone computer program.

Application Level Gateway -
Application Level Gateways - (ALGs) serve as communicators between two
networks. ALGs are protocol-aware entities that examine application
protocol flows and only allow messages that conform to security
policies to pass. See also Proxy Server.

Application Service Provider (ASP) -
Internet hosting service provider. A company that hosts a program on
behalf of its clients. Many training programs and learning management
systems are now offered on an ASP platform.

Application Sharing
- Application sharing is a feature that allows two or more people to
view and/or work together on the same application from one remote
system. Users can input information and control the application using
the keyboard and mouse. The user who initiated the application can lock
out other users from altering the document so that the feature becomes
more of a live demonstration tool.

ARCS -
Model A theory about the best way to instill learner motivation,
developed by John Kellar, PhD. The four steps in the model are: gain
learner Attention, describe the training's Relevance, instill
Confidence in the learner that the training can be successfully
completed, and leave the learner Satisfied after a learning goal has
been achieved.

ARJ - ADMISSIONS REJECT Message - A RAS message that the Gatekeeper sends to the calling point, rejecting the ARQ.

ARQ -
ADMISSIONS REQUEST Message - A RAS message send by an endpoint placing
a call or an endpoint receiving a call asking for bandwidth allowance
and permission to continue the Call Setup.

Artificial Intelligence
- The range of technologies that allow computer systems to perform
complex functions mirroring the workings of the human mind. Gathering
and structuring knowledge, problem solving, and processing a natural
language are activities possible by an artificially intelligent system.

ASP - See Active Server Pages or Application Service Provider.

Assessment Item - A question or exercise on a test, quiz, or other evaluation.

Asynchronous Communication that does not occur
simultaneously. This is often a format of communicating utilized in
e-Learning in situation such as an archived presentation or a self
paced course.

Asynchronous
Training/Learning - A learning program that does not require the
student and instructor to participate at the same time. Typically
self-paced, online tutorials.
Async-Sync PPP Conversion
- Method by which PPP data sent between a computers COM port and the
ISDN is converted by the terminal adapter to/from asynchronous to
synchronous traffic.

AT&T 5ESS - A digital central office switching system made by AT&T.

ATM -
Asynchronous Transfer Mode. A high bandwidth, controlled-delay, fixed
size packet switching and transmission system. Uses fixed size packets,
also known as "cells"; ATM is often referred to as "cell relay". ATM
will provide the basis for the future broadband ISDN standards.

ATM25 - ATM Forum defined 25.6Mbit/s cell based user interface based on IBM token ring network.

ATU-C and ATU-R - ADSL Transmission
Unit, Central or Remote: the device at the end of an ADSL line that
stands between the line and the first item of equipment in the
subscriber premises or telephone switch. It may be integrated within an
access node.

Audience -
The intended end user population of a training product. Careful
consideration of audience factors such as learning styles, level of
education, preferences, background, and job responsibilities helps
create more successful e-learning.

Audio - The medium of delivering information to be processed by a learner's ears. Compare to text, video, graphics, and animations.

Audio Bridge
- Equipment that mixes multiple audio inputs and feeds back composite
audio to each station after removing the individual station's input.
This equipment may also be called a mix-minus audio system.

Authentication - The process of verifying the identity of a user trying to log on to a system, or of the sender of a message.

Authoring - Similar to "programming", developers assemble discrete media components using a tool called an authoring system.

Authoring System or Authoring Tool
- A program, like Macromedia Authorware, designed for use by a
non-computer expert to create training products. An authoring system
does not require programming knowledge or skill to operate. Enables
non-programmers to create e-learning programs.

B8ZS - Binary Eight Zero Suppression. An encoding scheme for transmitting data bits over T1 transmission systems.

Bandwidth
- The measure of amount of information that can flow through an
information channel. Commonly measured in bits per second. Modem
connection to an internet server is a typical example of a
low-bandwidth connection; an Ethernet connection within a LAN is an
example of a high-bandwidth connection.

Baud - A measure of the quantity of information transmitted on a communication line; largely replaced by the use of bits-per-second.

BBS - See Bulletin Board System.

B-Channel - Bearer Channel.
The fundamental component of an ISDN circuit, the Bearer Channel
carries either voice or data at 64000 bits per second (64 kbps) in
either direction.

BDSL - Same as VDSL.

Bearer Channel - Term used to define a channel that carries voice, data or video information.

Behavior -
An action or set of actions performed by a person under specified
circumstances that reveal some skill, knowledge or attitude. Training
seeks to increase desirable behaviors or introduce new behaviors and/or
eliminate undesirable ones.

Benchmark
- A standard of reference used for comparison. The performance of a
learner is measured against a benchmark such as the performance of an
expert. The performance of a technology-based training product is
measured against a benchmark such as the training procedures it
replaces.

Beta Test
- An important function of quality control and one of the last steps
before release of a software product. Beta testing involves the use of
a product by selected users to create a formal documentation of content
errors, software bugs, usability, level of engagement, and other
factors.

BISDN -
Broadband ISDN. In 1995-1996, BISDN began to offer dedicated circuits,
switched circuits and packet services at rates of 155Mb/s and above.
BISDN is still relatively in the conceptual stage. The goal is to take
advantage of the raw bandwidth, which has been made available by the
proliferation of fiber optic cable plants.

B-ISDN -
Broadband Integrated Digital Network: A digital network with ATM
switching operating at data rates in excess of 1.544 or 2.048 Mbps. ATM
enables transport and switching of voice, data, image, and video over
the same infrastructure.

Bit - The
elementary constituent of digital information, the value of which can
take only the forms 0 or 1. Bits are often measured by adding prefixes
to signify a value. One kilobit contains approximately 1,000 bits; one
megabit contains approximately a million bits; one gigabit contains
approximately one billion bits.

Bit Interleaving/Multiplexing
- A process used in time division multiplexing where individual bits
from different lower speed sources are combined (one bit, from one
channel at a time) into one continuous higher speed bit stream.

Bits-per-second (bps) A measure of the speed of
the information transmission over a communication line; often confused
with baud.

Blanking Level - The level of the front and back porches of the composite video signal.
Blended Learning
- A training curriculum that combines multiple types of media.
Typically, blended learning refers to a combination of classroom-based
training with self-paced e-learning.

Blog/Weblog
- "Blog" is short for "Web Log" and refers to short messages that are
posted onto a web site by an author. Blogs are typically informal and
personal messages, almost like daily diary entries. Blogging has caught
on as a cheap form of knowledge sharing and expert communication.

Bloom's Taxonomy - A hierarchical ordering of affective and cognitive learning outcomes developed by Benjamin Bloom.

Bonding - Method for making several BRI lines look like one high-rate line by use of an IMUX (inverse multiplexer).

bps - Bits per second - A unit of measurement of the speed of data transmission and thus of bandwidth (lower case is significant).

Bps (or BPS)
- Bytes (8-bit) bytes per second. A unit of measurement of the speed of
data transmission and thus of bandwidth (upper case is significant).

Branching - A tutorial structure that progresses through material in a path that depends on the learner's response to questions.

BRI -
Basic Rate Interface. An ISDN subscriber line, consisting of two 64Kb/s
B channels (bearer channels) and one 16Kb/s D channel (used for
signaling and synchronization purposes.) - often referred to as 2 B's
and a D.

Bridge -
An interconnection device that can connect LANs using similar or
dissimilar media and signaling systems such as Ethernet, Token Ring and
X.25. A bridge is also called a data link relay or level 2 relay.
Connects remote sites over dedicated or switched lines to create WANs.
Also the device that allows multiple ********s (more than 2) to
videoconference simultaneously.

Broadband
- Digital signals delivered (along with analog signals) over copper
medium to businesses and households. Typically refers to an internet
connection via a cable modem or DSL line with speeds 1 Mb/s to 10 Mb/s.

Broadcast Transmission of data to everybody on the network or network segment.

Browser
- Also called a Web Browser. A program used to access the text,
graphic, audio, video and animation elements of the Internet and
Intranets. Netscape Navigator and Microsoft Internet Explorer are the
most commonly used browsers.
Buffer - See Jitter Buffer.

Bulletin Board System - Also known as
BBS. The computer equivalent of a public note board, messages can be
posted to a BBS for viewing by other users and other computers. A BBS
is often called a threaded discussion.

Byte - A word made up of eight bits of information. One byte is the amount of information required to represent one character

Subject: Re: <<<<<<<<< Abbreviation >>&g Thu May 31, 2007 12:58 pm

Cable Modem
- A device that connects a computer to the Internet through a Cable TV
coaxial cable. Cable modems are considered to be a high bandwidth, or
high speed connection.

Call Acceptance -
Acceptance or rejection of calls from an H.323 terminal. The Gatekeeper
may reject calls from a terminal because of restricted access to or
from particular terminals or Gateways, or restricted access during
certain periods of time. Call Authorization is an optional Gatekeeper
service.

Call Control -
Also called Call Processing. Refers to the signaling involved in
setting up, monitoring, transferring, and disconnecting (tearing down)
a call.

Call Feedback -
Support for Call Feedback enables you to configure a Gatekeeper
Forwarding policy to deal with cases such as Gatekeeper failure to
resolve a destination address in IP network, lack of Gatekeeper
bandwidth resources, or unsuccessful Call Setup to the destination
endpoint due to network failure.

Call Setup Routing
- Two alternative modes for routing the Call Setup (Q.931)} and control
(H.245 channels. Routed Mode routes the Call Setup and Control through
the Gatekeeper. See also, Routed Mode, Direct Mode, Q.931 + H.245
Routed Mode.

CAPI - In Europe, CAPI (Common Application Interface) provides a common ISDN software platform for communication applications.

Carrier - Vendor
of transmission services operating under terms defined by the FCC as a
common carrier. Owns a transmission medium and rents, leases or sells
portions for a set tariff to the public via shared circuits. (AT&T,
Sprint, MCI, Ameritech, etc.)

Cascaded MCU - The
MCU allows you to combine two or more conferences resulting in a larger
conference with many more participants. This is called Cascading.
Cascading creates a distributed environment that helps reduce the drain
on network resources.

CBE - See Computer-based Education.

CBL - See Computer-based Learning.

CBT - See Computer-based Training.

CCITT - Consultative Committee on International Telephony and Telegraphy. An international standards group.

CCS: Common Channel Signaling
- All signaling goes over a common channel, which is separate from the
data channel. Using SS7, ISDN keeps the signaling separate from the
B-channels, which gives both faster dialing, and the full 64Kbps. Parts
of the country that haven't switched to SS7 can only offer 56Kbps. CCS
also sometimes stands for Clear Channel Service, with the exact same
meaning.

CDR or Call Detail Record
- Information in a simple text format that can be used as input to
third party billing programs or other software for billing purposes.

CD-ROM - Compact
Disc Read Only Memory. An optical disc, recorded on and read by a
laser, used to store large quantities of information. One CD-ROM has
650 Mb of storage capacity.

Certification - A
formal evaluation process conducted by a neutral third party on a
fee-basis, typically using a rigorous, accurate, reliable, validated
software test suite and evaluation methodology. Certification is for a
specific version only of the product being tested. Certification may
lapse after a specific duration. Certification can be lost or revoked.
Certifying body stands behind its evaluation of the product or service.

Channel - A signal path of specified bandwidth for conveying information such as voice, data and video.

Channel Aggregation
- Channel aggregation combines multiple physical channels into one
logical channel of greater bandwidth. With BRI ISDN connections,
channel aggregation would combine the two 64 K bit B channels into a
single, logical 128 K bit channel.

Chat or Chat Room
- Text-based group communication on the Internet. Multiple users can
type their questions and answers for everyone to see. This form of
group communication occurs in real-time.

Chip Sets -
Application-specific integrated circuits (ASICS) are being developed
for use in video application products such as codecs, desktop video and
home satellite entertainment. ASICS operate more like computer
hardware. Programmable chips operate much like computer software. The
chip sets meet the CCITT H.261 compression standard and will be the
driving force in the widespread use of video communications technology
because they will lower the cost and open up the technology to a much
larger group of users.

Chunking - The process of separating learning materials into brief sections in order to improve learner comprehension and retention.

CIF - Common
Intermediate Format. The CCITT standard that addresses the
incompatibility between the European television standard PAL (Phase
Alternation Line) and SECAM (Systeme Electronique pour Couleur Avec
Memoire) and those in most areas of the rest of the world that utilize
NTSC (National Television System Committee). In the encoding process,
CIF is divided into 12 GOBs (Groups of Blocks).

Circuit - Can have
two meanings: 1). Means of two-way communication between two or more
points. 2). In communications systems, an electronic, electrical or
electromagnetic path between two or more points capable of providing a
number of channels.

Circuit Switching
- A networking technology that provides a temporary but dedicated
connection between two stations regardless of the number of switching
devices through which data is routed. Analog circuit switching (FDM)
has been replaced by digital circuit switching (TDM). The digital
technology still maintains the connection until one speaker hangs up.

Cisco Proxy The Cisco H.323 Proxy is a device that acts like a Gateway and relays H.323 data between H.323 zones.

Classroom Training
- Any training conducted where the students and facilitator interact in
a real, physical classroom. Unlike "Instructor-led Training (ILT)"
which, although there is an instructor, could still take place over an
Internet connection.

Clip Media -
Pre-existing pictures, audio files, videos clips that can be "clipped"
out and pasted directly into a computer program. Also known as "stock
media".

Clustered MCUS -
The Multipoint Controller (MC) and Media Processor (MP) unit components
of the MCU operate independently. The MCU can be set up in a clustered
layout to use a single MCU to control several units configured to
operate only as MP units performing media processing. MCUs configured
as MP Only units have their MC component disabled. The controlling MCU
unit also makes use of the local MP component.

CMI - See Computer Managed Instruction.

Codec -
COder-DECoder. A video codec converts the analog video signals from a
video source to digital signals for transmission over digital circuits,
then converts the digital signals back to analog signals for display.
An audio codec converts the audio signals to digital signals for
transmission over digital circuits, then converts the digital signal
back to analog for reproduction.

Cognitive Loading - The process of placing elements into a person's short-term memory.

Collaboration -
The simultaneous viewing and modification of a shared document or
computer application. Also referred to as document conferencing.

Collaborative Learning
- Learning through the exchange and sharing of information and opinions
among a peer group. Computers excel in mediating collaborative learning
for geographically dispersed groups.

Common Carrier -
Usually a telecommunications company that owns a transmission medium
and rents, leases or sells portions for a set tariff to the general
public via shared circuits through published and nondiscriminatory
rates. (MCI, etc.)

Competencies/Competency Model
- A structured list of knowledge, skills and attitudes that are
required for job performance. Competencies are used as the foundation
to guide needs analyses and evaluations. Unfortunately most
competencies end up in a filing cabinet to be referenced only when
updating job descriptions. Used properly, they are powerful drivers of
assessment and training.

Compliance - A
'self-test' software test suite is available to both implementer and
user. Software test suite usually designed to rigorously test inputs,
processes, and outputs of a guideline, recommendation, specification,
or standard: Know the source. Provider of test suite may or may not
allow users of test suite to claim more than conformance (no formal
Endorsement).

Compressed Video -
Processed video images; transmits changes from one frame to the next
which reduces the bandwidth to send them over a telecommunications
channel which reduces cost. Also called bandwidth compression or bit
rate reduction.

Compression - A technique used to encode information so that it fits in a smaller package for easy storage or transmission.

Computer Based Education - A generic term for a computer program used by a learner to acquire knowledge or skills. See E-Learning.

Computer Based Learning - A generic term for a computer program used by a learner to acquire knowledge or skills. See E-Learning.

Computer Based Training - A generic term for a computer program used by a learner to acquire knowledge or skills. See E-Learning.

Computer Managed Instruction - The components of e-learning that provide assessment, student tracking and personalized lesson plans.

Computer Supported Learning Resources (CSLR)
- The parts of a e-learning product other than those that instruct,
test, or track progress. These include glossaries, bulletin boards and
chats, bibliographies, databases, etc.

Condition - One of
the three required parts of a properly composed learning objective, as
defined by Robert Mager. Circumstances under which the performance will
be tested and materials that will be provided to the student are
described in the condition statement.

Conference Hunting - The
purpose of Conference Hunting in RADVISION implementations is to
maintain conferences and ignore Line Hunting where necessary.

Conferencing Service
- The Conferencing Service is a mechanism supported on the RADVISION
MCU which defines the qualities, compatibilities and management
policies of a conference.

Conformance - The
implementer asserts adherence to guidelines, recommendation,
specification or standard. User tests assertion by inspecting results.
No form of testing is used other than evaluating actual results against
expected results.

Continuous Presence
- Continuous Presence (CP) allows you to view multiple participants in
one screen at the same time. Incoming participant images are combined
into a video image layout set according to the policies of the
conferencing service. The range of video layouts available depends on
the type of media processing supported.

****** - A small
file placed on a user's computer by a visited web page. Many e-learning
programs will store the student's name, history, and score information
in a ****** file.

Cost Avoidance -
Component of analyzing competing business alternatives based on
reducing or eliminating costs, such as student travel and instructor
fees. Return-on-investment studies take account of cost avoidance in
calculating final returns.

Cost-benefit Analysis
- Method of analyzing competing business alternatives based on
comparing total costs to total benefits. A proper cost-benefit analysis
takes into account all benefits, including productivity, savings, and
motivation, and weighs them against all costs, including expenditures,
overheads, and lost opportunities.

Course - Term used
to describe the collection of elements that make up training on a given
subject. Usually a course is broken up into lessons, sections, or
modules but course is sometimes used interchangeably with these terms.

Course Map -
Usually a flow-chart or other illustration, a course map details all of
the component elements of a course. Course maps often illustrate the
recommended order that students should complete the training.

CPE - Customer Premise Equipment. Terminal equipment located on the customer premises which connects to the telephone network.

Criterion - One of
the three required parts of a properly composed learning objective. The
performance level that must be achieved by the student along with a
concrete measurement for the performance level are described in the
criterion statement.

Criterion Referenced Instruction
- A system of instruction developed by Bob Mager. Synonym for
performance based instruction; instruction whose value is measured by
the ability of the end-user to meet specified criterion after
completion.

CSU - Channel
Service Unit. A device used to connect a digital phone line coming in
from a carrier to network access equipment located on the customer
premises. A CSU may also be built into the network interface of the
network access equipment.

Curriculum - A series of related courses.

Cyberspace - Jargon referring to the Internet, or the World Wide Web.

D Channel - The
data signaling channel of an ISDN line. This channel is used to carry
call control messages between the ISDN terminal and the public switch.

DCT - Discrete Cosine Transform. A compression algorithm.

Default Extension - Any endpoint on the network that has been defined as an alternative destination for incoming calls routed by a Gateway.

Definition - Also
called resolution. The fidelity with which detail is reproduced by a
television or video display system ranging from fuzzy to sharp
appearance.

Delay - The time taken for a signal to pass through a videoconference from the sending station to the receiving station.

Delivery Method -
Term describing the way in which training is distributed to learners.
Print-based workbooks, classroom, video, audio tapes, CD-ROM, and
Internet are all sample delivery methods.

DES - Data
Encryption Standard. An algorithm for encrypting (coding) data designed
by the National Bureau of Standards so it is impossible for anyone
without the decryption key to get the data back in unscrambled form.

Design - The
second step in the classic A-D-D-I-E model of Instructional System
Design. The design phase builds on the analysis information and
includes the formulation of a detailed plan for the instruction, known
as the Design Document. Sometimes Design is broken into "high level
design" for the design doc and "low level design" which culminates in a
script or storyboard.

Designer - Used to
describe any member of a training project team, usually referring to
creators such as writers, graphic artists, and programmers.
Technically, this term should refer only to instructional designers,
but it is often used synonymously with the term developer.

Desktop Videoconferencing
- Videoconferencing on a personal computer - Most appropriate for small
groups or individuals. Many desktop videoconferencing systems support
document sharing.

Developer - Used
to describe a member of a training project team involved in development
activities or the project team as a whole. Could refer to an
instructional designer, graphic designer, writer, etc.

Development - The
third step in the classic A-D-D-I-E model of Instructional System
Design. The development phase follows the plans created in the design
phase to create materials ready for several iterations of testing and
refinement.

DHCP - Dynamic
Host Configuration Protocol - In a DHCP environment, IP policy is
dynamic. This means that a terminal does not have a constant IP
address. Management keys for identifying endpoints in a DHCP
environment are the alias name or phone number of an endpoint.

Dial Plan - In
traditional telephony systems, a dial plan is a front end system that
allows users to call each other by dialing a number on a telephone. In
voice and videoconferencing over IP, a dial plan is a system that
allows participants in point-to-point or multipoint conferences to call
each other or join conferences. The RADVISION ECS Dial Plan provides
"configuration tools" which allow network administrators to build am IP
dial plan that suits the requirements of their organization and network.

Subject: Re: <<<<<<<<< Abbreviation >>&g Thu May 31, 2007 12:59 pm

E.164
- The term "E.164 number" differentiates an "absolute" telephone number
from the number you must dial to reach an endpoint form a specific
********. E.164 numbers include country codes, national destination
codes and subscriber numbers.

E1 - European basic multiplex rate which packs thirty voice channels into a 256 bit frame and transmitted at 2.048 Mbps.

E1:2.048Mb/s - Common European equivalent of a T-1.

E-box - Electronics box (the main codec box) of a group videoconferencing system.

Echo Canceller -
Eliminates audio transmission echo. A telephone line echo canceller
produces a synthetic replica of the echo it expects to see returning
and subtracts it from the transmitted speech. The replica it creates is
based on the transmission characteristics of the telephone cable
between echo canceller and the telephone or videoconferencing system.
Device that allows for the isolation and filtering of unwanted signal
caused by echoes from the main transmitted signal.

Echo Effect - A time-delayed electronic reflection of a speaker's voice. This is largely eliminated by modern digital echo cancellation.

Echo Suppression -
A technique for reducing annoying echoes in the audio portion of a
videoconference by temporarily deadening the communication link in one
direction.

E-conferencing -
E-conferencing refers to innovative technologies that allow people to
communicate or "conference" over the Internet. Audio conferencing,
video conferencing, collaborative conferencing, and web conferencing
are all components of e-conferencing.

E-Learning - Broad
definition of the field of using technology to deliver learning and
training programs. Typically used to describe media such as CD-ROM,
Internet, Intranet, wireless and mobile learning. Some include
Knowledge Management as a form of e-learning.

Electronic Blackboard
- A device or whiteboard that looks like an ordinary blackboard or
whiteboard, but has a special conductive surface for producing free
hand information that can be sent over telephone lines.

Electronic Performance Support System - A
program that provides on demand assistance on a discrete task.
Considered to be a support tool or job aid. A good example of an EPSS
is the built in help functions of many software programs.

E-mail - Short for
electronic mail. The process of one user employing a computer to send a
text message to an electronic mailbox to be retrieved and viewed by
another user. Also, the message itself.

Endpoint - A
network element at the end of the network such as an H.323 terminal, a
Gateway, a Multipoint Controller Unit (MCU), a PC terminal, IP or ISDN
phone, or video conference.

End-to-end Solution
- Term used by e-Learning companies to describe a complete set of
products and services, typically including learning management systems,
off-the-shelf content, and custom services.

Entry Behavior -
The prior knowledge, skill or attitude that is a pre-requisite to a
given course, or that is assumed to be present by course designers.

EPSS See Electronic Performance Support System.

Ethernet - A means
of connecting computers in a local area network with high-bandwidth
coaxial or optical cable connections. Sometimes called 10baseT.

ETSI - European
Telecommunications Standards Institute. A France-based non-profit
making organization that produces telecommunications standards to be
used throughout Europe and beyond.

Evaluation - The
final step in the classic A-D-D-I-E model of Instructional System
Design. The evaluation phase involves formative evaluations,
evaluations of the product during development, and a summative
evaluation, the final evaluation of the effectiveness of the training
in solving the instructional problem.

Events of Instruction
- The nine steps outlined by Robert Gagne that correlate to and address
the conditions for effective adult learning. In brief, each lesson
should (1) capture attention, (2) inform the learner of the objective,
(3) stimulate recall of prior learning, (4) present material, (5)
provide guidance, (6) elicit performance, (7) provide feedback, ( Cool

assess performance, (9) enhance retention and transfer.

Exit Zone - When
you define a prefix for the Exit Zone Service, you need to dial the
prefix to reach an endpoint in another zone. This can be useful for
restricting unauthorized users from making calls to other zones. The
Exit Zone prefix affects the way in which the Gatekeeper tries to
complete calls to other zones.

Expert System - An artificial intelligence program in which a decision tree is created based on an experts decision criteria.

Extranet - An
internal, private website that has restricted access to certain outside
users as well. For example, an organization may create a parts
Inventory web site to support their internal manufacturing efforts,
while giving read-only access to their outside vendors who need to know
when to re-supply their parts.

F2F - Face-to-Face - Example: We're going to do some initial training F2F and then distribute CD-ROMs for post-work.

Facilitator - The politically correct term for "instructor", "trainer", "teacher" or "class leader".

Fallback - A modem speed that is lower than its normal (that is, maximum) speed of operation.

Fast Connect -
Also called Fast Start and H.323 Fast Start. A procedure for shortening
the time it takes to start a call by skipping the H.245 phase and
transferring channel parameters in the Call Setup messages.

Fast Start - See Fast Connect.

FCC - Federal
Communications Commission. An independent US government agency charged
with regulating interstate and international communications by radio,
television, satellite and cable.

FCIF - Full Common Intermediate Format or Full CIF. Used when distinguishing between CIF and QCIF. See CIF and QCIF.

FECC - Far-End Camera Control.

Feedback - Can be positive or negative, is used to shape behaviors, and should closely follow an action for maximum result.

Feeder Network - That part of a public switched network which connects access nodes to the core network.

Fiber Optics - A
communications medium utilizing laser or "light" transmission. Uses a
glass or plastic fiber carrying light to transmit voice, data and video
signals. Each fiber can carry from 90 to 150Mb/s.

Field - One half of a video frame. One field contains all of the odd or all of the even scanning lines of the picture.

File Transfer Protocol (FTP) - Generally called FTP. One method of transferring files over intranets or the Internet.

Firewall - An
application that isolates part of a network, like a company's private
intranet, from access to or by other parts of the network, like the
public Internet.

Flow Control - Comprised of the hardware, software and procedure for controlling the transfer of IP packets between two points on a network.

Foot-candle - The unit of illumination equal to one lumen per square foot.

Formative Evaluation An evaluation performed at a late development
stage, used to revise and improve an training program before launch.

Four-wire Circuit
- A circuit that uses two pair of conductors (four wires), one pair to
transmit the signals and one pair to receive; allows two parties to
communicate simultaneously.

Fps - Frames per second (video).

Frame - Full screen or frame of video made up of two fields. Thirty frames is one second of video.

Frame Rate - The
rate at which individual pictures (frames) in a sequence are displayed
in a video conference. Frame rate is measured in frames per second
(fps).

Frame Relay -
Method for sending high-bandwidth data in frames (not video frames, but
"blocks" of data). Uses packet switching, not circuit switching.

FTP - See File Transfer Protocol.

FTTC - Fiber To
the Curb: a network where an optical Fiber runs from telephone switch
to a curbside distribution point close to the subscriber where it is
converted to a copper pair.

FTTCab - Fiber To
The Cabinet: network architecture where an optical fiber connects the
telephone switch to a street-side cabinet where the signal is converted
to feed the subscriber over a twisted copper pair.

FTTH - Fiber To The Home: network where an optical fiber runs from telephone switch to the subscriber's premises or home.

Full-duplex Audio
- Two-way audio may be captured and reproduced simultaneously. With
full-duplex audio, the microphone may capture local audio for
transmission while the far end audio may be heard clearly.
Interruptions and double-talk are possible.

Full-motion Video
- Not compressed. A standard video signal of thirty frames per second
(fps), 525 horizontal lines per frame, capable of complete action

Subject: Re: <<<<<<<<< Abbreviation >>&g Thu May 31, 2007 12:59 pm

G.711 - 3.4kHz bandwidth audio transmitted at 48, 56 or 64Kb/s - narrow-band audio, sounds like a telephone speakerphone.

G.722 - 7kHz
bandwidth audio transmitted at 48,56 or 64Kb/s - wide-band audio, ISDN
telephony standard, sounds like a telephone, more bandwidth allows for
better quality. Much less long-term fatigue from user when wide-band
audio is used.

G.722.1 - An ITU-T standard for speech codecs that compresses 50Hz-7KHz audio signals into one of two bit rates, 24 or 32 Kbps.

G.728 - 3kHz
bandwidth audio transmitted at 16Kb/s - newest technology, best
quality, requires lower bit rate leaving more room for video.

G.729 A/B - An
ITU-T standard for speech codecs that provides near-toll quality audio
at 8 Kbps. G.729 Annex A is a reduced complexity codec and G.729 Annex
B supports silence suppression and comfort noise generation.

G723.1 - An ITU-T standard for speech codecs that provides good quality audio at 5.3 or 63 Kbps.

Gatekeeper - In
H.323 IP telephony, a Gatekeeper is an optional server that is
responsible for network-based services including a registration,
admission, and status, for which it uses a special protocol called RAS.
Gatekeeper functions include address translation, call authorization
and bandwidth management, as well as providing accounting information.

Gatekeeper Zone -
A group of endpoints together with their Gatekeeper constitute a zone.
You can configure a zone by predefining endpoints that are entitled to
register with the Gatekeeper. See also Predefined Endpoint, Registered
Endpoint, Zone.

Gateway - A
network element that performs conversions between different coding and
transmission formats. The gateway does this by having many types of
commonly used transmission equipment and / or circuits from different
carriers to provide a means of interconnection. See Bridge.

Gateway Redundancy
- The Gateway Redundancy feature enables the Gatekeeper to request that
other Gatekeepers search their zones to locate a request when Line
Hunting fails to find a suitable service provider. If no service is
found, the Gateway Redundancy policy enables the Gatekeeper to complete
the call by referring the call to other Gatekeepers.

Gateway Supported Prefixes
- H.323 version 2 enables a Gateway to specify prefixes that the user
should dial before the WAN number in order to make a call using a
certain media. GCF:GATEKEEPER CONFIRM Message – A RAS message that the Gatekeeper sends to the requesting endpoint, accepting the GRQ.

Gbps - Gigabits per second. 1 Billion bits per second.

Generic (off-the-shelf) Courseware
- e-Learning products developed for a broad audience, not for a
specific organization. Most generic courseware is complete junk.

Geosynchronous -
Teleconferences use satellites which are in geosynchronous orbit 22,300
miles above the equator. There are two types of communications
satellites: C- and Ku-Band. They each have different frequencies, kind
of like the difference between AM and FM radio stations. The satellite
you use depends on your network of receiving sites.

GIF - A file
format, and filename extension, for graphics files for display on web
pages. Popular format as it provides the best picture quality to file
size tradeoff.

GOB - Groups of
Blocks. In the encoding process, each picture is subdivided into groups
of blocks and then further divided into macro blocks.

Graphic - The
medium of delivering static images to be interpreted by the learner
visually. Compare to audio, video, text, and animation.

Graphical User Interface - A way of
representing the functions, features and contents of a program to a
user by way of visual elements, such as icons, as opposed to textual
elements, such as words and character strings. The Microsoft Windows
operating system is the classic example of a program with a GUI.

GRJ - GATEKEEPER REJECT Message - A RAS message that the Gatekeeper sends to the requesting endpoint, rejecting the GRQ.

Group Hunting - Enables a Gatekeeper to perform load balancing for a group of H.323 endpoints defined with the same alias.

Groupware -
Systems supporting group work and cooperation between autonomous work
groups. The primary function of groupware is to provide members of the
group shared access to given resources such as files, project lists,
documents and calendars.

GRQ - GATEKEEPER REQUEST Message - A RAS message that an endpoint sends to locate a Gatekeeper to which the endpoint can register.

GSM Global System for Mobile Communications - The standard digital cellular phone service of Europe, Japan, Australia and elsewhere.

GUI Pronounced "gooey". See Graphical User Interface.

H.221 - A CCITT
standard describing a method of inverse multiplexing for
videoconferencing terminals, to be used with PX64 videoconferencing.

H.225.0 -
Specifies that procedures and messages applicable to Gatekeepers,
including the RAS protocol for Registration, Admission and Status.

H.235 Security -
Ensures the authentication of each endpoint and the integrity of
messages. The basis of the security process is the shared secret
between the endpoint and the Gatekeeper.

H.239 - ITU-T standard for role management and additional media channels for H.300 - series terminals.

H.243 - Standard for multipoint communication in H.320.

H.244 - A CCITT standard that is an enhanced version of H.221. H.221's logical successor.

H.245 - The ITU-T
standard used for the Control Protocol for Multimedia Communication.
H.245 is included in the H.225.0 Recommendation. H.245 provides
signaling for the proper operation of the H.323 terminal, including
capabilities exchange, opening and closing of logical channels together
with a full description of these channels, mode preference requests,
flow control messages, and general commands and indications.

H.245 Proxy - Enables routing H.245 channels in a point-to point H.323 call. The H.245 Proxy is a natural extension of a Gatekeeper.

H.245 Tunneling -
Decreases the time between the point at which and endpoint initiates a
call and the point at which the call participants are ready to open
multimedia channels. The endpoint must also support H.245 tunneling.

H.248 - The ITU-T standard for signaling and control between circuit-switched PSTNs and VoIP networks.

H.261 - A CCITT
standard describing a protocol for digitally encoding and decoding
video images to allow videoconferencing terminals from different
manufacturers to interoperate.

H.263 - Video compression standard created and required for H.324. Is also an optional mode of the other H-series standards.

H.264 - The ITU-T
standard for compression that allows higher quality calls to pass over
a lower bandwidth for advanced video coding in generic audiovisual
services.

H.320 - An
umbrella term for a set of specifications developed by the
International Telecommunications Union (ITU) in 1991 to define a set of
universal standards for videoconferencing.

H.320 Standard - A
widely-used video compression standard that allows a wide variety of
videoconferencing systems to communicate on a Wide Area Network (WAN),
typically utilizing ISDN lines.

H.323 - Suite of standards for multimedia conferencing on traditional packet-switched LANs.

H.323 - Fast Start See Fast Connect.

H.324 - Suite of standards for multimedia conferencing on analog phone lines POTS.

H.324/M - The
Third Generation Partnership Project (3GPP) has adopted the ITU-T
Recommendation H.324 Annex C, also referred to as H.324/M (Mobile) or
H.324M (with very few changes), on their 3G-324M as the standard for
multimedia telephony over 3G circuit switched cellular networks.

H.331 - Standard, which specifies how H.320 terminals can be used in a one-way broadcast mode.

H.350 - ITU-T standard for directory services architecture for multimedia conferencing.

H.450 - See Supplementary Services.

Hard Skills - As opposed to "soft skills", this term relates to technical or IT related skills.

Hardware - Physical equipment like computers, printers, and scanners. Compare to software.

HDSL - High data
rate Digital Subscribe Line: Modems on either end of one or more
twisted pair wires that deliver T1 or E1 speeds. At present T1 requires
two lines and E1 requires three. See SDSL for one line HDSL.

HDTV - Higher than
normal definition TV. HDTV is generally defined as a system that offers
double the horizontal and vertical resolution compared to existing
systems and provides compact disc quality sound.

Help Desk - A team that can be contacted by end-users for assistance with hardware and software problems.

HFC - Hybrid Fiber
Coax: a system (usually CATV) where fiber is run to a distribution
point close to the subscriber and then the signal is converted to run
to the subscriber's premises over coaxial cable.

High-bandwidth - A
high-bandwidth connection, like a cable modem, will allow transmission
rates in the range of Gigabits per second and allow the use of data
intensive information like video, audio and complex animation.

HMLP - High-speed
multi-layer protocol. Standard for high-speed transmission. T.120
systems must use this for high-speed transfer. HMLP channels must be
multiples of 64Kb/s.

Hosting - The verb
describing the physical storage of a Web page or other Internet
content. As in, "we are hosting our program on our in-house computers."

HSD - High-speed data standard. HSD channels must be multiples of 64Kb/s.

HTML - See Hypertext Markup Language.

Hypermedia - Links
text, graphics, video, audio, and animation and leaves the control of
navigation through its elements in the hands of the user.

Hypertext - Text
elements within multimedia documents, classically underlined and in
colored font, that can be clicked on by the user to follow a path to a
new ******** in a document, supplemental material like a graphic or
another page on the net.

Hypertext Markup Language - More commonly referred to as HTML. The standard programming language for web documents meant to be accessed by browsers

Subject: Re: <<<<<<<<< Abbreviation >>&g Thu May 31, 2007 1:01 pm

Learning Service Provider (LSP)
- A third party company that hosts e-learning programs/content on it's
own servers. Clients pay to access, or to "lease", these programs.

Learning Style - An individual's unique
approach to learning based on strengths, weaknesses, and preferences.
Though experts do not agree how to categorize learning styles, an
example of a categorization system is one that separates learners into
auditory learners, visual learners, and kinesthetic learners.

Leased Lines - A term used to describe the leased or rented use of dedicated lines between two points.

LEC Local Exchange Carrier - Carriers that
can carry only intra-LATA traffic. Local telephone companies such as
Cincinnati Bell, Ohio Bell, Illinois Bell, Pacific Bell in California,
etc.

LED or Light Emitting Diode - A display
technology that uses a semiconductor diode that emits light when
charged. LEDs usually indicate both correct and problematic operation.

Lesson - A unit of learning concerned with a specific skill. This term is sometimes interchanged with the terms section or module.

Line Hunting - A Gateway supports a list of
prefixes (services). Gateway unavailability to receive a call means
that the Gateway cannot accept calls with the particular prefix in
question. The Line Hunting function of a Gatekeeper searches for a
Gateway which is free to accept calls with this prefix.

Listen-Only Mode - Allows participants to
listen, without having the ability to speak to others during an Audio
or VoIP conference. This feature is often used with larger conferences
to eliminate background noise. This mode can be set for either the
entire duration of the event or controlled by the leader so that a
participant's line to can be opened for feedback, Q&A etc.

LMS - See Learning Management System

Load Balancing - The practice of splitting
communication into two (or more) routes. By balancing the traffic on
each route, communication is made faster and more reliable.

Local Area Network - A network of computers
in a confined area, such as a room or a building. A LAN accessed with
internet technologies can be considered an intranet. Typically LAN's
operate at what is considered to be a high bandwidth speed.

Local Loop - Referred to as the "last mile" between the LEC and the customer premise.

Localization - The process in which a program
is converted for delivery in a different country. Unlike "translation"
which connotes a simple re-writing of words, localization includes
re-writing for cultural and social differences as well.

Log-in- Procedure performed by a user to
declare that a specific system or application is going to be used.
Log-in information is used by the computer to mark and track
information specific to the user. It can also be used to declare to
other users that an individual is presently active on a network.

Low-bandwidth - A low-bandwidth connection,
like a telephone line, will allow transmission rates in the range of
kilobits per second and restrict the use of data intensive information
like video and photo quality graphics.

LRJ or ******** REJECT Message - A RAS message that a Gatekeeper/endpoint sends to the requesting Gatekeeper rejecting the LRQ.

LRN - Microsoft's commercial implementation
of e-learning standards to identify, catalog, launch, and track course
objects. Based on the IMS standards.

LRQ or ******** REQUEST Message - A RAS message that a Gatekeeper/endpoint sends to another Gatekeeper requesting the ******** of an endpoint.

LSP - See Learning Service Provider.

Lumen - Unit of light flux

Network Load Balancing - See RAI/RAC

Newsgroup - An electronic bulletin board reserved for discussion of a specific topic.

NEXT or Near End CrossTalk - The interference between pairs of lines at the telephone switch end.

NI1 (National ISDN 1) - A specification for a
"standard" ISDN phone line. The goal is for National ISDN 1 to become a
set of standards which every manufacturer can conform to. For example,
ISDN phones that conform to the National ISDN 1 standard will work,
regardless of the central office the customer is connected to. NOTE:
Future standards, denoted as NI2 and NI3, are currently being developed.

N-ISDN or Narrowband ISDN - same as ISDN

Non-Composite Video Signal - A signal which contains only the picture signal and the blanking pulses.

NSF or Network Specific Facility - The
Network Specific Facility Information Element (NSF IE) feature enables
system administrators to coordinate their network and service
requirements with Service Providers.

NSP or Network Service Provider - the term for an organization offering and providing value added network services on a telecommunications network.

NT1 - Network termination equipment for ISDN
BRI. Turns a U interface into an S/T interface. Not needed when
connecting to most digital PBXs.

NT-1 Networking Terminal type 1 - The NT-1 is
a little plastic box with LEDS and is usually purchased separately. The
NT-1 is a device which converts the two -wire line (or U interface)
which comes from the telephone company, into a 4-wire line (ST
interface). The NT-1 is physically connected between the ISDN board of
your videoconferencing system and your ISDN phone line. The NT-1
supports network maintenance functions, such as loop testing. Up to
eight terminal devices may be addressed by an NT-1.

NTE or Network Termination Equipment - the equipment at the ends of the line.

NTSC or National Television System Committee - Defined the 525 line color video frequency spectrum used in the US, Canada, Mexico, Japan and a few other countries

synchronization.

PRM - See Programmer Ready Materials.

Processor - The chip or chip set that performs the operations central to a computer's functioning.

Program - A detailed set of instructions that
make a computer able to perform some function. A program can be written
by the user but the term is commonly used to refer to a specific
pre-created software package, such as a word processor or spreadsheet.

Programmer Ready Materials - The individual
components that are ready for assembly by a programmer or multimedia
developer. Typically, PRMs include scripts, graphics, audio and video
files.

Projection Television - A combination of lenses and / or mirrors that project an enlarged video picture on a screen.

Protocol - A set of rules and procedures for
establishing and controlling the transmission on a line. The set of
messages has specific formats for exchanging communications and
assuring end-to-end integrity of links, circuits, messages, sessions
and application processes.

Prototype - A working model created to
demonstrate crucial aspects of a program without creating a fully
detailed program. Adding details and content incrementally to advancing
stages of prototypes is one process for creating successful
applications.

Proxy Server - An application that breaks the
connection between sender and receiver. All input is forwarded out on a
different port, closing a straight path between two networks and
preventing a cracker from obtaining internal addresses and details of a
private network.

PSDN or Public Switched Digital Network - A term used to describe the set of digital dial-up services offered by the carriers (IXC and LEC).

PSTN or Public Switched Telephone Network -
The worldwide voice telephone network. Once only an analog system, the
heart of most telephone networks today is all digital. In the US, most
of the remaining analog lines are the ones from your house or office to
the telephone company's central office.

PT724 - PictureTel's enhanced audio mode
delivering 7 kHz bandwidth at 24Kb/s. Provides excellent audio quality
using less bandwidth than industry standards. This allows for improved
video and data transmission.

PTZ or Pan-Tilt-Zoom - Camera functionality.

Public Network - A network operated by the carriers (IXC and LEC) which includes network-based services and network-based switching.

Px64 - A common reference to the CCITT
standards (H.261 et al.) which describe methods to allow for
videoconferencing system interoperability

Africa.

Section - A division of training concerned
with one topic. Several sections commonly make up a lesson, but the
term is sometimes used interchangeably with the term lesson or module.
Self-paced Instruction Any instruction where the learner dictates the
speed of progress through content.

Self-paced instruction - Training the enables learners to complete instructional segments on their own, without the guidance of an instructor.

Serial Interface - A channel that transfers
digital data in a serial fashion, one bit after the other over one wire
or fiber. The serial port on a PC is a serial interface that is used to
attach modems and scanners. Serial interfaces may have multiple lines,
but only one is used for data. See also V.35 and X.21.

Server - A networked computer that is shared
by many other computers on the network. Intranets use servers to hold,
or "host", web pages.

Service Prefix - The prefix identifies the service and can usually be a numeric code, an alphanumeric string, a name, or phone number.

Subject: Re: <<<<<<<<< Abbreviation >>&g Thu May 31, 2007 1:01 pm

Services - A service is a function that is
supported by a subset of endpoints in a zone. Access a service by
dialing a prefix attached to the name or phone number. Services allow
you to dynamically add more resources, such as a Gateway, into the
system. In RADVISION implementations you can define access privileges
per endpoint for each service.

SG4 - PictureTel's proprietary Software
Generation 4. Based on SG3; improvements include transmission over
standard H.221 multiplex, better motion coding, and contrast
enhancement.

Silence Suppression - Silence information
within the audio stream can consume LAN bandwidth and burden MCU voice
processing. Using compression techniques, Silence Suppression can
greatly reduce the wasted bandwidth in a multipoint conference and on
congested networks.

Simulation - A mode of instruction that
relies on a representation in realistic form of the relevant aspects of
a device, process, or situation.

Single Station MCU - In RADVISION implementations, a solitary RADVISION MCU that is facilitating a conference.

SIP or Session Initiation Protocol - An IP
telephony signaling protocol developed by the IETF. SIP is a text-based
protocol that is suitable for integrated voice-data applications. SIP
is designed for voice transmission and uses fewer resources and is
considerably less complex than H.323.

Slave - The side in communications which
responds to session commands. The "master" is the other side that
initiates and controls the session.

SME - See Subject Matter Expert.

SNMP or Simple Network Management Protocol -
Standard for retrieving and transmitting management information
(configuration, control, performance monitoring, etc.). Information is
formatted according to MIBs (Management Information Base.

Soft Skills - The informal term for non-IT
related business skills. Examples include leadership, listening,
negotiation, conflict management, etc.

Software - Programs that allow a user to
complete tasks with computers, such as word processing and graphics
programs. Compare to application.

SONET or Synchronous Optical Network - A
standard for using optical media as the physical transport for
high-speed, long-haul networks. SONET basic speeds start at 51.84 Mbps
and go as high as 2.5 Gbps.

SPID SPID, or "Service Profile Identifier" -
a number issued by your telephone company. When a new ISDN subscriber
is added, the telephone company allocates a SPID just as they would a
directory number. The SPID number is used to identify your ISDN line to
switch in the central office. When you're installing the system, the
videoconferencing installation software prompts you for your SPID
number. (You'll need to configure the SPID into your terminal before it
will connect to the central office switch.)

SQCIF or Sub Quarter Common Intermediate Format - A video format usually used to refer to video with dimensions of 88 x 72 pixels.

SS7 - The signaling system number 7 (SS7)
protocol is used in the public networks to establish connections
between switches. ISDN connections to switches that support SS7 have
access to true 64 K bit connections between public switches. ISDN
connections to switches that do not support SS7 (such as those in the
Pacific Bell region) are limited to 56 kbps on each B channel as the
switch signaling must be accommodated in-band.

Standards - A universal format that allows
video systems of differing manufacturers to communicate with each
other. All video systems on a conference running standards must be able
to support standards. Also referred to as H.320, H.261 and Link 64E
(commonly referred to as the px64 standard).

Statistical Multiplexer (STM or STDM) - A
device connecting multiple channels to a single link by dynamically
allocating time slots to the channels based on their transmission
activity.

Still-Image Video - System by which still
images are transmitted over standard telephone lines, usually allowing
for real-time interaction between ********s.

Storyboard - A collection of frames created
by a developer that detail the sequence of scenes that will be
represented to the user; a visual script.

Streaming media - A technology developed to
compress and transfer video or audio data through a computer in such a
way that the file can start to play while it is downloading.

STS-1 SONET - Basic transmission rate of 51.84 Mbps.

Sub-Addressing - A one-stage DID dialing
mechanism in which a phone sends two numbers. One number is for routing
on the circuit-switched network. The other number is forwarded to the
Gateway inside a Q.931 Sub-addressing Information Element for IP
address resolution by the Gatekeeper.

Sub-Conference - The current version of the
RADVISION MCU allows the creation of audio sub-conferences to which
selected participants in an existing conference can be temporarily
diverted. When the sub-conference is over, the participants return to
the main conference.

Subject Matter Expert (SME) - The member of a
project team who is most knowledgeable about the content being
instructed upon. Frequently, the SME is an expert contracted or
assigned by an organization to consult on the training being created.

Subnet - A subnet is a portion of an IP network defined by a subnet mask. Devices on the same subnet have the same subnet mask.

Subordinate Objective - A task or objective that must first be mastered in order to complete a terminal objective.

Summative Evaluation - An evaluation performed after development used to measure the efficacy and return-on-investment of a training program.

Supplementary Services - The ITU-T H.450
Recommendation comprises a number of separate Recommendations for
implementing Supplementary Services, of the H.450.x series. For full
details of the H.450.x Recommendations, please refer to the appropriate
ITU documents.

Switch - A mechanical or solid state device
that opens and closes circuits, changes operating parameters or selects
paths for circuits on a space or time division basis.

Switched 1536 - A dial-up network-based service providing a data channel operating at a rate of 1536Kb/s.

Switched 384 - A dial-up network-based service providing a data channel operating at a rate of 384Kb/s.

Switched 56 - A dial-up network-based service
providing a data channel operating at a rate of 56Kb/s. Also a type of
network access line, used to provided access to switched 56 network
services.

Switched 64 - A dial-up network-based service providing a data channel operating at a rate of 64Kb/s.

Switched Network - Any network in which
switching is present and is used to direct messages from the sender to
the recipient. Usually, switching is accomplished by disconnecting and
reconnecting lines in different configurations in order to set up a
continuous pathway between the sender and the recipient.

Synchronous - Communication that occurs
simultaneously between individuals with instant access to information
and an opportunity for feedback. Synchronous e-Learning can provide
instant feedback on a student's performance and allows the training to
be adjusted immediately if needed. The disadvantages of synchronous
e-Learning are that the training is not self-paced and the logistics of
scheduling, time zones, and student availability need to be managed.

Synchronous Training/Learning - A training
program in which the student and instructor participate at the same
time. For example, an instructor-led chat session is a form of
synchronous training. Common examples today include the use of products
from Centra, Interwise, or others that enable web-casts of live events.

T.120 - Standard for data conferencing and
conference control for interactive multimedia communication -
multipoint & point-to-point.

T.120 Data - Standard Data sharing protocol
for multipoint data communication in a multimedia conferencing
environment. T.120 enables white board collaborations, file transfers,
graphic presentations and application between participants in a
conference.

T.126 - T.120 still image transfer and annotation protocol.

T.127 - T.120 binary file transfer protocol.

T.128 - Formally called "T-share", used in multi-point data conferencing.

T1 - A digital transmission link with the
capacity of 1.544Mb/s, used in North America. Typically channelized in
24 DSO's, each capable of carrying a single voice conversation or data
stream. Uses two pairs of twisted pair wires.

T3 - A digital transmission link with a capacity of 45Mb/s, or 28 T1 lines.

Target Population The audience defined in age, background, ability, and
preferences, among other things, for which a given course of
instruction is intended.

Tariff - Documents filed by a regulated
telephone company with a state public utility commission (PUC) or the
Federal Communications Commission (FCC). Document details services,
equipment and pricing publicly offered by the telephone company.

Task Analysis - A process of examining a
given job to define the discrete steps (tasks) that insure effective
and efficient performance of the job's requirements.

TBL or Technology-based Learning - Synonymous with TBT, or Technology-based Training.

TBT - See Technology-based Training.

TCP/IP or Transmission control protocol/ Internet protocol - The set of rules and formats used when transmitting data between servers and clients over the Internet.

TCS4 - A special routing method for incoming
H.320 video calls. TCS4 allows direct inward dialing to an endpoint on
the IP network via the Gateway when DID is not available.

Technology-based Training (TBT) - The term
encompassing all uses of a computer in support of learning, including
but not limited to tutorials, simulations, collaborative learning
environments, and performance support tools. Synonyms include CBL
(computer-based learning), TBL (technology-based learning), CBE
(computer-based education), CBT (computer-based training), e-learning,
and any number of other variations.

Telco - Generic name for telephone companies.

Telecommunications - Communicating over a
distance. Use of wire, radio, optical or other electromagnetic channels
to transmit and receive signals for voice, data and video
communications.

Terminal Adapter - A terminal adapter adapts
a non-ISDN piece of terminal equipment (such as a PC) to the ISDN
network. A terminal adapter has an S/T interface, but may be wedded to
an NT-1 providing a U-interface in a single piece of hardware.

Terminal Objective - A learning objective the student should be able to master after completing a specific lesson or part of a lesson.

Text - The medium of delivering information
via words to be read and interpreted by the learner. Compare to audio,
video, graphic, and animation.

Topology Islands - IP subnets, characterized
by homogeneous and fast LAN connectivity. Dividing the network into
islands enables a Gatekeeper to direct calls through the most optimal
routes, thus avoiding slow connections or bottlenecks as much as
possible.

TPKT - A standard way of defining blocks of
data in a TCP stream, since TCP does not have delimiters. During
configuration you can define the maximum number of TPKT channels
allowed.

Transcoding - Audio transcoding is the
conversion of one audio transmission format into another using various
algorithms to achieve different audio quality levels at reduced
bandwidth levels.

Transcription - A service that provides a
written, scripted document of a conference for a client. This can be
verbatim for legal purposes or in a summary format for future reference
and review.

TTL or Time to Live - A set maximum amount of
time a packet is allowed to propagate through the network before it is
discarded. TTL is a time, typically in seconds, after which the
fragment can be deleted by any device on the network.

Tutorial - A mode of instruction that
presents content, checks understanding or performance, and continues on
to the next relevant selection of content. Tutorials may be linear or
branched.

Twisted Pair - A pair of wires used in transmission circuits and twisted about one another to minimize coupling with other circuits

Subject: Re: <<<<<<<<< Abbreviation >>&g Thu May 31, 2007 1:01 pm

Zone
- An H.323 zone is a logical collection of terminals, Gateways and
Multipoint Control Units (MCUs) managed by a single Gatekeeper. A zone
must include at least one terminal and may include several LAN segments
connected by routers. See also Gatekeeper Zone.

Zone Prefix - Zone prefixes are similar to
telephone are codes. If an endpoint in a zone dials a zone prefix
before its number, and the Gatekeeper cannot resolve it in its zone,
the Gatekeeper attempts to locate and route the call to the appropriate
zone of the Neighbor Gatekeeper.

1TR6 - 1TR6 is a widely deployed, German-specific ISDN switch standard that existed prior to the ETSI NET3 standard.

2B+D - The Basic Rate Interface (BRI) in
ISDN. A single ISDN circuit is divided into two 64kbps digital channels
for voice or data and one 16kbps channel for low speed data and
signaling. In ISDN, 2B+D is carried on one or two pairs of wires
(depending on the interface), the same wire pairs that today bring a
single voice circuit into the home or office.

3G or Third Generation Mobile System - The generic term for the next generation of mobile wireless communication networks.

3GPP or Third Generation Partnership Project
- A body comprising several organizational partners working to produce
technical specifications for a third- generation mobile system based on
GSM core networks and the radio technology they support.